Julie L. Hotchkiss
Research Economist and Senior Adviser
About
Julie Hotchkiss is a research economist and senior adviser on the applied microeconomics team in the Research Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Her research focuses on labor markets, primarily the supply of labor and differences in labor market outcomes across demographic groups. Julie joined the Atlanta Fed in 2003, after spending 15 years as a professor at Georgia State University, where she still holds an adjunct position.
Connect
Expertise
Biography
Julie Hotchkiss is a research economist and senior adviser on the applied microeconomics team in the Research Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Her major fields of study are earnings and employment differentials across different groups of workers, variations in employment and earnings across time, and policy implications of changes in labor supply. She also contributes to the Atlanta Fed's Policy Hub publications, which provide commentary on economic topics, including monetary policy, macroeconomic developments, and the Southeast economy.
Dr. Hotchkiss also served as the executive director of the Atlanta Research Data Center (ARDC) for 15 years before stepping down in 2026. The ARDC is in a secure physical location, housed in the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, where researchers can access nonpublic census data and data from other agencies. Nine regional research institutions support the ARDC. The ARDC is part of the Federal Statistical RDC Network.
Prior to joining the Bank in 2003, Dr. Hotchkiss was professor of economics at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. She began teaching as a senior associate and assistant professor of economics at the Policy Research Center at Georgia State University in 1989. She maintains an appointment as adjunct professor of economics in the Andrew Young School at Georgia State.
Dr. Hotchkiss has published her research in various journals, including Applied Economics, the Review of Economics and Statistics, and the American Economic Review. She is a member of the American Economic Association, the Southern Economic Association, the Society of Labor Economists, the Labor and Employment Relations Association, and the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession. She has served as a coeditor for the Southern Economic Journal and the Eastern Economic Journal; on the board of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession; and as a trustee, vice president, and president of the Southern Economic Association. She became a Distinguished Fellow of the Southern Economic Association in 2024.
A native of Los Angeles, Dr. Hotchkiss received bachelor of arts degrees in economics and French from Willamette University. She earned her master's and doctoral degrees in economics at Cornell University.
Published Work
Federal Reserve work covering the latest six years.
No results were found.
Please adjust the selected filters or try resetting them to default.
Federal Reserve work older than six years.
Publications
2019
Kalee E. Burns and Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Migration Constraints and Disparate Responses to Changing Job Opportunities." Working Paper 2019-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. February 2019.
2018
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Anil Rupasingha. "In-migration and Dilution of Community Social Capital Working Paper 2018-5. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. July 2018.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Anil Rupasingha. "Individual Social Capital and Migration." Working Paper 2018-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. March 2018.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Robert E. Moore. "Some Like It Hot: Assessing Longer-Term Labor Market Benefits from a High-Pressure Economy." Working Paper 2018-1c. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. January 2018 (Revised October 2018 and December 2020).
2017
Julie L. Hotchkiss, Robert E. Moore, and Fernando Rios-Avila. "Family Welfare and the Cost of Unemployment." Working Paper 2017-7a. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. September 2017 (Revised July 2019).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Slide into the Economic Driver's Seat with the Labor Market Sliders." macroblog. May 5, 2017.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Does a High-Pressure Labor Market Bring Long-Term Benefits?." macroblog. February 13, 2017.
2016
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Anil Rupasingha. "Wage Determination in Social Occupations: The Role of Individual Social Capital." Working Paper 2016-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. November 2016.
Rebekah Durham, Julie L. Hotchkiss, and Melinda Pitts. "How Will Employers Respond to New Overtime Regulations?." macroblog. July 15, 2016.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "What Occupational Projections Say about Entry-Level Skill Demand," macroblog. January 7, 2016.
2015
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Yanling Qi. "The Impact on Employment and Hours of Allowing Sunday Alcohol Sales in Georgia." Working Paper 2015-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. November 2015.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Should We Be Concerned about Declines in Labor Force Growth?" macroblog. October 19, 2015.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Christopher J. Macpherson. "Falling Job Tenure: It's Not Just about Millennials." macroblog. June 8, 2015.
2014
Julie L. Hotchkiss, Robert E. Moore, Fernando Rios-Avila, and Melissa R. Trussell. "A Tale of Two Decades: Relative Intra-family Earning Capacity and Changes in Family Welfare over Time." Working Paper 2014-26a. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. (Revised November 2015).
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. "Impact of First-Birth Career Interruption on Earnings: Evidence from Administrative Data." Working Paper 2014-23. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. November 2014.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "And the Winner Is...Full-time Jobs!." macroblog. November 24, 2014.
Julie L. Hotchkiss, Robert E. Moore, and Fernando Rios-Avila. "Family Welfare and the Great Recession." Working Paper 2014-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. August 2014.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Adjusted Employment-to-Population Ratio as an Indicator of Labor Market Strength." Working Paper 2014-8. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. August 2014.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "The Implications of Flat or Declining Real Wages for Inequality." macroblog. June 30, 2014.
2013
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Atlanta Fed's Jobs Calculator Drills Down to the State." macroblog. November 14, 2013.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and M. Melinda Pitts. "Even One Is Too Much: The Economic Consequences of Being a Smoker." Working Paper 2013-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. July 2013.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Behavior's Place in the Labor Force Participation Rate Debate." macroblog. May 10, 2013.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Building a Better Jobs Calculator: Choose Your Own Payroll/Household Employment Ratio." macroblog. May 3, 2013.
2012
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and Fernando Rios-Avila. "A Closer Look at Nonparticipants During and After the Great Recession." Working Paper 2012-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. August 2012.
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and Fernando Rios-Avila. "The Wage Impact of Undocumented Workers." Working Paper 2012-4. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. March 2012.
J. David Brown, Julie L. Hotchkiss, and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. "Does Employing Undocumented Workers Give Firms a Competitive Advantage?." Working Paper 2012-2a. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. (Revised November 2012).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "A Brewing Battle? A Review of The Coming Jobs War." Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconSouth (2012 Q2).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Labor force nonparticipants: So what are they doing?." macroblog. May 11, 2012.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "What If...? Looking Beyond this Month's Jobs Numbers." macroblog. March 9, 2012.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "How Many Jobs Does It Take? Introducing the Atlanta Fed's Jobs Calculator." macroblog. March 2, 2012.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Employment: Some Good News, Some Bad News." macroblog. February 3, 2012.
2011
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Menbere Shiferaw."Decomposing the Education Wage Gap: Everything but the Kitchen Sink" Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review (2011 No4).
2010
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Menbere Shiferaw. "Decomposing the Education Wage Gap: Everything but the Kitchen Sink." Working Paper 2010-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. August 2010.
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. "Assessing the Impact of Education and Marriage on Labor Market Exit Decisions of Women." Working Paper 2010-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. February 2010.
2009
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Changes in the Aggregate Labor Force Participation Rate." Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (2009 Q4).
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. "Employer Monopsony Power in the Labor Market for Undocumented Workers." Working Paper 2009-14d. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. (Revised March 2012).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Decomposing Changes in the Aggregate Labor Force Participation Rate." Working Paper 2009-6a. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. (Revised July 2009).
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Menbere Shiferaw. "Econ 101: What's in a name? Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconSouth (2009 Q1).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Another Side of the Administration's Tax Plan." macroblog. March 11, 2009.
2008
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Higher Unemployment: Labor Force Effects versus Job Loss Effects." macroblog. December 19, 2008.
J. David Brown, Julie L. Hotchkiss, and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. "Undocumented Worker Employment and Firm Survivability." Working Paper 2008-28. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. December 2008.
Mary E. Graham and Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Elimination of Gender-Related Employment Disparities through Statistical Process Control." Working Paper 2008-24. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. October 2008.
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. "Working with Children? The Probability of Mothers Exiting the Workforce at Time of Birth." Working Paper 2008-8. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. February 2008.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. "The Labor Market Experience and Impact of Undocumented Workers." Working Paper 2008-7c. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. (Revised June 2008).
2007
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Robert E. Moore. "Assessing the Welfare Impact of the 2001 Tax Reform on Dual-Earner Families." Working Paper 2007-27. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. December 2007.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and M. Melinda Pitts. "Evidence of Demand Factors in the Determination of the Labor Market Intermittency Penalty." Working Paper 2007-16. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. July 2007.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and M. Melinda Pitts. "The Role of
Labor Market Intermittency in Explaining Gender Wage Differentials." Working Paper 2007-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. February 2007.
Published in American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings
William R. Smith and Julie L. Hotchkiss. "After the Boom, Housing Affordability a Growing Challenge." Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconSouth (2007 Q1).
2006
Julie L. Hotchkiss and John C. Robertson. "Asymmetric Labor Force Participation Decisions over the Business Cycle: Evidence from U.S. Microdata." Working Paper 2006-8. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. July 2006.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Changes in Behavioral and Characteristic Determination of Female Labor Force Participation, 1975–2005" Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (2006 Q2).
Jill Marie Gunderson and Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Welfare Recipiency, Job Separation Outcomes, and Postseparation Earnings: Insight from Linked Personnel and State Administrative Data." Working Paper 2006-7. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. May 2006. Published in Contemporary Economic Policy.
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and John C. Robertson. "The Push-Pull Effects of the Information Technology Boom and Bust: Insight from Matched Employer-Employee Data." Working Paper 2006-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. February 2006. Published in Economic Development Quarterly.
2005
Julie L. Hotchkiss, Robert E. Moore, and M. Melinda Pitts. "Freshman Learning Communities, College Performance, and Retention." Working Paper 2005-22. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. September 2005. Published in Education Economics.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "What's Up with the Decline in Female Labor Force Participation?." Working Paper 2005-18. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. August 2005. Published in Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review as "Changes in Behavioral and Characteristic Determination of Female Labor Force Participation."
Jason DeBacker, Julie Hotchkiss, Melinda Pitts, and John Robertson. "It's Who You Are and What You Do: Explaining the IT Industry Wage Premium" Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (2005 Q3).
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and John C. Robertson. "Earnings on the Information Technology Rollercoaster: Insight from Matched Employer-Employee Data." Working Paper 2005-11. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. June 2005. Published in Southern Economic Journal.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Employment Growth and Labor Force Participation: How Many Jobs Are Enough?" Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (2005 Q1).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Economics 101: Demand and Supply." Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconSouth (2005 Q1).
2004
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Employment Growth and Labor Force Participation: How Many Jobs Are Enough?." Working Paper 2004-25. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. October 2004. Published in Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review.
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and John C. Robertson. "Wage Gains among Job Changers across the Business Cycle: Insight from State Administrative Data." Working Paper 2004-19. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. August 2004.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and Olga Pavlova. "The Impact of 9/11 on Hours of Work in the United States." Working Paper 2004-16a. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. (Revised September 2004). Published in Applied Economics Letters.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Growing Part-Time Employment among Disabled Workers: Marginalization or Opportunity?" Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (2004 Q3).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Labor Market Lessons from Georgia's Temp Workers." Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconSouth (2004 Q2).
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Review of Losing Work, Moving On: International Perspectives on Worker Displacement by Peter J. Kuhn." Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconSouth (2004 Q2).
Jill Marie Gunderson and Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Job Separation Behavior of Welfare Recipients: Results from a Unique Case Study." Working Paper 2004-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. May 2004. Published in Social Service Review.
2003
Julie L. Hotchkiss, M. Melinda Pitts, and John C. Robertson. "The Ups and Downs of Jobs in Georgia: What Can We Learn about Employment Growth from State Administrative Data?." Working Paper 2003-38. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. December 2003.
Julie L. Hotchkiss and M. Melinda Pitts. "Female Labor Force Intermittency and Current Earnings: A Switching Regression Model with Unknown Sample Selection." Working Paper 2003-33. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. December 2003. Published in Applied Economics.
Mary E. Graham and Julie Hotchkiss. "Which Industries Are the Best Employers for Women? An Application of a New Equal Employment Opportunity Index." Working Paper 2003-11. July 2003. Published in Applied Economics.
Podcast Episodes
2019
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Under Pressure: The Plusesand Minuses of a Hot Economy." Economy Matters podcast. March 28, 2019.
2018
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Where We Live: Social Capital and Migration." Economy Matters podcast. June 28, 2018.
Julie L. Hotchkiss (interviewer) and Ran Abramitzky. "Immigration in the United States: A Historical Perspective." Economy Matters podcast. May 24, 2018.
2017
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "A Discussion of Unemployment's Impact on Family Welfare." Economy Matters podcast. October 26, 2017.
2016
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Coming to Our Census: A Look at the Atlanta Fed's Research Data Center." Economy Matters podcast. July 22, 2016.
2011
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Surveying the National Economy." EconSouthNow podcast. December 19, 2011.
2010
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Surveying the National Economy." EconSouthNow podcast. December 29, 2010.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Education Wage Gap." Research Insights podcast. September 7, 2010.
Julie L. Hotchkiss. "Examining JOLTS." EconSouthNow podcast. March 29, 2010.